https://www.mozii.top/categories/void-linux/ Recent content in Void Linux on 网络日志 Hugo -- gohugo.io zh mozii.top Wed, 19 Aug 2026 01:15:09 +0800 https://www.mozii.top/p/voidlinux-installation-guide/ Wed, 19 Aug 2026 01:15:09 +0800 https://www.mozii.top/p/voidlinux-installation-guide/ <img src="https://www.mozii.top/p/voidlinux-installation-guide/voidlinux.png" alt="Featured image of post Void GNU/Linux 安装指南" /><blockquote class="alert alert-tip"> <div class="alert-header"> <span class="alert-icon">💡</span> <span class="alert-title">提示</span> </div> <div class="alert-body"> <p>安装方式 XBPS 和 ROOTFS 二选一，当然你也可以用 Void Linux 默认的 TUI 安装程序进行安装。</p> </div> </blockquote> <p>tui 安装程序</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">void-installer </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="分区">分区 </h2><h3 id="uefi">UEFI </h3><p>创建 efi 和 / 分区</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">fdisk /dev/sda </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>格式化分区</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkfs.vfat -F32 /dev/sda1 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>挂载分区</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda2 /mnt </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkdir -p /mnt/boot/efi </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot/efi </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h3 id="mbr">MBR </h3><p>创建 boot 和 / 分区</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">fdisk /dev/sda </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>格式化分区</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda1 </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>挂载分区</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">mount /dev/sda2 /mnt </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="xbps-方式安装">XBPS 方式安装 </h2><p>软件源源</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nv">REPO</span><span class="o">=</span>https://repo-fastly.voidlinux.org/current </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>架构</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nv">ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span>x86_64 </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>复制密钥</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">mkdir -p /mnt/var/db/xbps/keys </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">cp /var/db/xbps/keys/* /mnt/var/db/xbps/keys/ </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>安装基础系统</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nv">XBPS_ARCH</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="nv">$ARCH</span> xbps-install -S -r /mnt -R <span class="s2">&#34;</span><span class="nv">$REPO</span><span class="s2">&#34;</span> base-system </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="rootfs-方式安装">ROOTFS 方式安装 </h2><p>下载 <a class="link" href="https://voidlinux.org/download/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" >ROOTFS-tarball</a></p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">wget https://repo-fastly.voidlinux.org/live/current/void-x86_64-ROOTFS-20250202.tar.xz </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>解压 ROOTFS-tarball</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">tar xvf void*.tar.xz -C /mnt </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>更新 XBPS 和系统包并安装基础系统包</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span><span class="lnt">3 </span><span class="lnt">4 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-install -r /mnt -Su xbps </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-install -r /mnt -u </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-install -r /mnt base-system </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-remove -r /mnt -R base-container-full </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="生成-fstab">生成 Fstab </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xgenfstab -U /mnt &gt; /mnt/etc/fstab </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="chroot-进入新系统">Chroot 进入新系统 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xchroot /mnt /bin/bash </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="主机名">主机名 </h2><p>设置主机名</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">&#34;host&#34;</span> &gt; /etc/hostname </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="本地化">本地化 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">&#34;zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8&#34;</span> &gt;&gt; /etc/default/libc-locales </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">echo</span> <span class="s2">&#34;en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8&#34;</span> &gt;&gt; /etc/default/libc-locales </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>生成 locale</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-reconfigure -f glibc-locales </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="root-密码">ROOT 密码 </h2><p>设置 root 密码</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">passwd </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="时区">时区 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="grub">GRUB </h2><h3 id="uefi-1">UEFI </h3><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-install grub-x86_64-efi </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>安装 efi 引导</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">grub-install --target<span class="o">=</span>x86_64-efi --efi-directory<span class="o">=</span>/boot/efi --bootloader-id<span class="o">=</span><span class="s2">&#34;Void GNU/Linux&#34;</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h3 id="mbr-1">MBR </h3><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-fallback" data-lang="fallback"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-install grub </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>安装引导</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">grub-install /dev/sda </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="完成安装">完成安装 </h2><p>使用 xbps-reconfigure 确保所有已安装的软件包都正确配置：</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">xbps-reconfigure -fa </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><h2 id="重启">重启 </h2><div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nb">exit</span> <span class="o">&amp;&amp;</span> init <span class="m">6</span> </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div><p>Void Linux 日常管理：</p> <ul> <li> <p>安装软件包：<code>xbps-install 包名</code></p> </li> <li> <p>卸载软件包：<code>xbps-remove -Ro 包名</code></p> </li> <li> <p>搜索软件包：<code>xbps-query -Rs 包名</code></p> </li> <li> <p>同步软件包：<code>xbps-install -S</code></p> </li> <li> <p>更新系统包：<code>xbps-install -u</code></p> </li> <li> <p>启动服务：</p> <ul> <li>ln -s /etc/sv/服务名 /var/service/</li> <li>sv start 服务名</li> </ul> </li> </ul> <p>例如：</p> <div class="highlight"><div class="chroma"> <table class="lntable"><tr><td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1 </span><span class="lnt">2 </span></code></pre></td> <td class="lntd"> <pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-bash" data-lang="bash"><span class="line"><span class="cl">ln -s /etc/sv/wpa_supplicant /var/service/ </span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl">sv start wpa_supplicant </span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table> </div> </div>